Navigation

Area reference:
An area reference is a reference to a point of a map that gives you a general area of the point that your looking to find. the area reference is a 4 digit number that will give the the square that the point is located in along the northings and eastings lines.
Grid Reference:
 A grid reference is a more detailed version of the area reference, the grid reference gives you six figures and a more exact point in the square given by the area reference. the square given by the area reference is split into 10 both up and across giving the point.
How to take a bearing in real life:
To take a bearing in real life point the travel of direction arrow with the point you are trying to get to. Place 'red in the shed'. Read the bearing off the compass housing that that now lines up with the direction of travel arrow.
How to take a bearing on a map:
To take a bearing on a map line up the side of the compass from the point you want to start from from the point you want to finish at (use something such as a ruler if the compass doesnt reach the second point). Line up the grid lines with the eastings.
How do you walk on a bearing:
To walk on a bearing, line up your direction of travel arrow with the bearing you have. Keeping the compass flat turn your body until you have 'red in the shed'. Walk following the bearing, ensuring you keep 'red in the shed'.
What is a compass?
A compass is an instrument for determining directions, as by means of a freely rotating magnetized needle that indicates magnetic north.
Sections of a compass:

what is a scale on a map?
a scale on a map is what gives you indication of actual distance between points on a map. for example if the scale is 1cm = 1km, then for every cm you measure on the map is equal to 1km in real life. scales are written as ratios
What is a contour line?
A contour line is a line on the map that shows the change in level on the ground. these lines go up in a set distance, for example 20m, for every contour line on the map the ground either rises or falls 20m in height level.
How do you read a contour line?
To read a contour line you must take notice of which way the change in height is written on the page if it is the right way up  then the ground is rising in height and if it is upside down the ground is decreasing in height. the dot inside the inner most cricle on a contour line indicate the peak of a hill or mountain.